HIV/AIDS
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HIV/AIDs Cases averted: The number of cases averted was estimated based on a modified version of the the 'AVERT' model, which for its baseline considers HIV and STI prevalence, existing condom use, frequency of sexual contact, abstinence and 'secondary virginity,' number and type of partners, and protective effect of male circumcision. The efficacy of PSI interventions (VCT clients, abstinence and fidelity programs, sales of male and female condoms and STI kits) is then calculated within these parameters for country target populations. The system estimates primary HIV infections averted (number of cases directly prevented by PSI program activity) but not secondary HIV infections averted (the likely number of infections averted over the following years as a result of these same activities).
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Malaria
• Malarial episodes averted: The figure is based on the type(s) of malaria prevalent in the country, their implied modified case fatality rate, the protective or treatment efficacy of PSI interventions, and the number and type of people using products or services; PSI assumes based on research for example that an insecticide treated bednet is used by 1.3 adults and 0.5 children per night.
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Safe Water
• Diarrhea episodes averted: The number of episodes averted was estimated using the Disease Control Priorities Project statistics for morbidity, where for instance the average child under the age of 5 in Africa suffers 3.8 severe episodes per annum, and households using water cleaning materials gain some protection against the spread of diarrhea.
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Family Planning
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• 		Couple years of protection are the amount of contraception necessary to protect one couple for one year [120 male and female condoms, 15 cycles of oral contraceptives, 0.5 CycleBeads, 100 vaginal foaming tablets, .285 intrauterine devices, 4 injectables (3-month dose), 6 injectables (2-month dose) or 12 injectables (1-month dose), 0.1 voluntary surgical contraception, 0.285 implants and 13 doses of emergency contraception]. Based on an analysis done by the MEASURE Project in 1999.

Unintended Pregnancies averted: This figure is related to the amount of contraception necessary to avoid one pregnancy. This calculation is based on a formula developed by the Alan Guttmacher Institute in 1996. For example 120 condoms are required per annum for a couple to be successfully protected (minus a discount for misuse and waste), or 15 cycles of contraceptive pills.
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For more information on the formulas used, please email info@psi.org