YouthAIDS
 AIDSMark

 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                             

SOCIAL MARKETING RESEARCH SERIES

The SMRS is a standard reporting format for presenting PSI's "dashboard" analysis from a research study. The dashboard is an evidence-based decision making tool for improving social marketing effectiveness. The SMRS are brief country-level reports containing dashboard tables, interpretation and programmatic recommendations drawn from the findings of one research study. They also document the methods used to conduct the study and include research tools.


  
2008
• Togo (2008) : Enquette MAP Sur La Couverture, La Qualite de Couverture, L’Acces et L’Equite D’Acces au Preservatif Protector Plus Dans Les Zones de Rencontre a Haut Risque. Deuxième Passage.
 Download PDF 179 KB
• Uzbekistan (2008): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study among Most at Risk Adolescents (MARA) in Priority Sites. Second Round.
 Download PDF 286 KB
2007
• Angola (2007) Maternal and Child Health TRaC Study Evaluating Water Treatment and Hygiene for the Prevention of Diarrhea and Cholera among Caregivers of Children Under Five in Luanda Province. First Round.
View abstractAbstract: The objectives of this study were to establish current water treatment practices in Luanda Province, Angola, and gain insight into the opportunity, ability, and motivation factors that drive or inhibit water treatment. Cluster sampling was used to select a representative, random sample of principal caregivers of children less than 5 years old. 1657 respondents were interviewed in June 2007. We find that despite high knowledge levels and high reported ability and motivation to treat water, only 46% of caregivers always treated their drinking water using a reliable method. Positive social norms, knowledge about safe water, water treatment, and causes of diarrhea were all found to be drivers of consistent water treatment. Respondents who believed water does not need to be treated because water is blessed by God were much less likely to always treat their drinking water.  Download PDF 113 KB
• Angola (2007): Malaria TRaC Study among Caregivers of Children Under Five in Eight Urban Areas. Second Round.
View abstract
Abstract:PSI/Angola’s malaria program launched in late 2004 with two brands of donor-subsidized long lasting insecticide-treated nets. Cluster sampling methodology was used to select a representative, random sample of household caregivers of children in 8 major urban areas of Angola. 2,860 respondents, including 2,108 primary caregivers to children under 5, were interviewed in their homes. In Luanda Province, there was no increase in the number of households owning at least one treated net between 2005 (32%) and 2007 (35%). 34% of children under 5 in Luanda and 36% in the other cities had slept under a net the night before the study. In Luanda, 46% of all nets found in the surveyed households were PSI brand nets. The primary communications objective for promotion of LLIN use should be increasing awareness that malaria is only transmitted by mosquitoes, and mainly at night, in order to increase people’s ability to make informed choices about net use.
  Download PDF 224 KB
• Belize (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use among Female Sex Workers. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract:The Pan-American Social Marketing Organization is implementing a program targeting female sex workers in Corozal, Orange Walk, and Cayo, Belize. The purpose of the program is to promote safer sexual behavior among this population through interpersonal communications and mass media activities while using a high coverage social marketing strategy to increase access to and availability of condoms. A multi-stage cluster sampling approach was employed but there were problems in the sampling and only 80 female sex workers were recruited. Analysis of variance is employed to estimate the adjusted means or proportions of each explanatory variable by the behavior of interest. Condom use with non-paying regular partners is 84% but condom use at last sex with clients is much higher, at 96%. Consistent condom use is much lower, at only 81% among clients and 61% among regular partners. Many FSW are able to find condoms near their place of work. Only half prefer the PASMO-marketed condom brand, Vive¸ and more than half of FSW believe their clients negatively react when asked if a condom can be used. Future programming needs to improve knowledge about HIV and promote consistent condom use with all types of partners, not just clients of FSW.
  Download PDF 140 KB
• Belize (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use among Garifunas in Cayo, Stann Creek, and Toledo. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract:The Pan-American Social Marketing Organization is implementing a program targeting Garifunas in Corozal, Orange Walk, and Cayo, Belize. The purpose of the program is to promote safer sexual behavior among this population through interpersonal communications and mass media activities while using a high coverage social marketing strategy to increase access to and availability of condoms. A multi-stage cluster sampling approach was employed. In total 500 Garifunas were recruited. Analysis of variance is employed to estimate the adjusted means or proportions of each explanatory variable by the behavior of interest. Just more than half of the sample was consistent condom users. Simple frequencies show that Garifunas had, on average, 3.5 occasional partners in the last 12 months. Garifunas tend to know that condom use and partner reduction prevents the transmission of HIV/AIDS but are less knowledgeable about mutual fidelity reducing the transmission. Mass media messages need to more clearly communicate the ties between mutual fidelity and risk of acquiring AIDS.
  Download PDF 136 KB
• Belize (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use among Male Clients of Sex Workers. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract:The Pan-American Social Marketing Organization is implementing a program targeting clients of female sex workers in Corozal, Orange Walk, and Cayo, Belize. The purpose of the program is to promote safer sexual behavior among this population through interpersonal communications and mass media activities while using a high coverage social marketing strategy to increase access to and availability of condoms. A multi-stage cluster sampling approach was employed. In total 500 clients were recruited. Analysis of variance is employed to estimate the adjusted means or proportions of each explanatory variable by the behavior of interest. Consistent condom use with an FSW in the last 30 days was high at 92%. Only half of the clients who have had an STI sought medical treatment for their last episode. Nearly equal numbers of clients agree and disagree that Vive condoms smell bad, condoms usually break, the use of water-based lubricants reduces HIV transmission, or are nervous about buying condoms near their home. Several indicators differentiate users (used a condom at last sex) from non-users. Users tended to disagree that Vive condoms have a bad smell or condoms usually break, were more knowledgeable about HIV transmission, were more willing to pay a higher price for condoms, and less likely to seek medical treatment for STIs.
  Download PDF 142 KB
• Belize (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use among MSM in Belize District, Cayo, and Stann Creek. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: The Pan-American Social Marketing Organization is implementing a program targeting MSM in Corozal, Orange Walk, and Cayo, Belize. The purpose of the program is to promote safer sexual behavior among this population through interpersonal communications and mass media activities while using a high coverage social marketing strategy to increase access to and availability of condoms. An RDS methodology (respondent driven sampling) was employed. In total 225 MSM were required. Due to the difficulty of applying RDS or time location to recruit this population, only 80 MSM were interviewed. Analysis of variance is employed to estimate the adjusted means or proportions of each explanatory variable by the behavior of interest. Condom use at last sex with any type of partner is quite high, usually over 85%. Consistent condom use, defined as always using a condom with a partner in the last thirty days, is lower by around 10%. Consistent condom use in the last thirty days with any male partner is only 64%. Use of water-based lubricants is low and only a third of MSM sought medical treatment the last time they had an STI. Although few sought medical treatment, 94% know a place where they can get an HIV test. Multiple partnership is common.
  Download PDF 133 KB
• Belize (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use among Tourism Industry Employees in Cayo. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract:The Pan-American Social Marketing Organization is implementing a program targeting migrants and tourist industry workers in Corozal, Orange Walk, and Cayo, Belize. The purpose of the program is to promote safer sexual behavior among this population through interpersonal communications and mass media activities while using a high coverage social marketing strategy to increase access to and availability of condoms. Multi-stage cluster sampling recruited 500 tourist industry workers who had had sex in the last year and were between the ages of 18-49. Logistic regression was used to identify significant determinants of condom use at last sex versus not using a condom at last sex. UNIANOVAS were run to obtain proportions and simple frequency percentages were run for the monitoring analysis. Simple frequencies showed that only 9.5% of tourist industry workers had received money for sex with tourists in the past 12 months. Among workers who had sex with a tourist partner, two-thirds had used a condom at last sex, although consistent condom use in the last 30 days is low at 9.3%. While knowledge about the transmission of HIV/AIDS among tourist industry workers is high, ranging from 65-75%, knowledge can be improved. A low proportion of tourist industry workers believed that the use of water-based lubricants reduces the risk of HIV transmission, and many believed they were not at risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS.
  Download PDF 122 KB
• Bénin (2007): Enquête TRaC sur l’utilisation de la thérapie de réhydratation orale chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans ayant fait la diarrhea dans les departments des Collines et du Zou. Premier Passage.
View abstract
Abstract:PSI – Bénin a été retenu par le bureau local de l’UNICEF pour mettre en œuvre le programme de marketing social des sels de réhydratation orale « Orasel » dans le cadre de son programme de prévention du paludisme et des maladies diarrhéiques. La présente étude est basée sur une enquête transversale portant sur échantillon représentatif de 2155 ménages, couvrant au total 2198 femmes et 3018 enfants de moins de 5 ans dans les départements des Collines et du Zou. L’analyse des données a révélé que la prévalence – 15% de la diarrhée dans les deux départements est de 13% chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans. Parmi ceux – ci, 44% ont été traités par une thérapie de réhydratation orale (dont environ 42% par Orasel). Les informations recuillies lors de la présente enquête montrent que le niveau d’utilisation de la thérapie de réhydratation orale pour prévenir la déhydratation chez les enfants diarrhéiques reste faible.
  Download PDF 79 KB
• Botswana (2007): MAP Study Evaluating Coverage and Quality of Coverage of Lovers Plus Condoms. Second Round.
View abstract
Abstract:The results of this second MAP study show that coverage of Lovers Plus condoms is still low in almost all sales regions. Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique was used to determine the coverage and quality of coverage of PSI/Botswana’s condom social marketing program. It was found that coverage in Gaborone sales region is 45%, while coverage in Francistown is 35%, followed by Central and Kgalagadi, both with 30% coverage, and by 25% in Maun sales. The survey findings are based on a total of 560 outlets spread across the 95 EAs selected throughout the country. Out of all outlets, 41.8% were found to have Lovers Plus condoms. 57.7% of the outlets which stock Lovers Plus condoms were in the urban areas while 42.3% were in the rural areas.
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• Burkina Faso (2007): Planification Familiale Enquête TRaC pour Évaluer l'Utilisation des Méthodes Contraceptives Modernes. Premier Passage.
View abstract
Abstract:La présente étude vise à fournir aux responsables de programmes des informations pour une meilleure orientation des activités dans le domaine de la planification familiale. L’étude comporte une grande composante complémentaire. La première a porté sur la population générale. Elle a consisté à récolter des données individuelles auprès de 3301 femmes résidant en milieu urbain et rural. L’analyse des données a conduit à la production de tableaux de suivi de l’utilisation actuelle des méthodes de contraception et de segmentation dont les grandes conclusions sont retracées dans les lignes qui suivent. L’utilisation actuelle de la contraception moderne est de 23% parmi les femmes ayant un besoin en matière de planification familiale. Trois MMC se dégagent dans l’utilisation : les préservatifs les pilules et les injectables.
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• Burundi (2007) : Etude TRaC Sur Les Determinants De L’Utilisation Du Preservatif Avec Les Partenaires Occasionnelles Ou Commerciales Chez Les Militaires de La Premiere Region Militaire. Premier Passage.
View abstract
Abstract:Le projet de prévention du VIH/sida au sein des militaire de la Force de Défense Nationale (FDN) est essentiellement consacré à la promotion du dépistage. Ce projet a commencé depuis septembre 2005 dans la première région militaire par l’aménagement du centre de dépistage, la formation des prestataires, des pairs éducateurs et des superviseurs pour les sensibilisations. A partir de juin 2008, la deuxième région bénéficie des activités du projet. Au total, 1056 militaires ont été interviewés dans 11 camps de la première région militaire. Les analyses ont suivi les étapes des toolkits pour le tableau de suivi et de segmentation. Les analyses montrent que 55% des militaires ont protégé leur dernier rapport sexuel avec les partenaires occasionnelles ou commerciales tandis que 23% l’ont systématiquement fait au cours des 12 derniers mois. De manière générale, les militaires ayant eu des rapports sexuels avec cette cible au cours des 12 derniers mois ont une bonne connaissance des modes de transmission du VIH. Cette analyse suggère dans un premier temps que l’intention d’utiliser le condom demeure un facteur très important dans la protection des rapports sexuels avec les partenaires occasionnelles ou commerciales chez les militaires.
  Download PDF 157 KB
• Burundi (2007) : Paludisme Enquête TRaC Pour Évaluer l'Utilisation de la Moustiquaire Imprégnée d’Insecticide chez les Femmes Enceintes ou Ayant à Charge un Enfant Âgé de Moins de 5 Ans. Premier Passage.
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• Burundi (2007): Enquête MAP sur la Couverture et la Qualité de Couverture des Produits de Marketing Social dans Toutes les Provinces. Troisième Passage.
View abstractAbstract: PSI intervient au Burundi dans la prévention des épidémies les plus courantes dans le pays telles que le VIH/sida, le paludisme et les maladies diarrhéiques. Son action est focalisée sur le marketing social des produits de santé destinés à la prévention de ces maladies. Il s’agit spécifiquement des préservatifs de marque PRUDENCE pour le VIH/sida, des moustiquaires imprégnées d’insecticides de marque SUPANET pour la prévention du paludisme, des sels de réhydratation orale de marque Orasel pour la prévention de la déshydratation en cas de diarrhée chez l’enfant et du produit Sûr’Eau à base de chlore (décontamination de l’eau) pour la lutte contre la diarrhée. L’objectif de l’étude MAP est d’évaluer le système de distribution des produits de marketing social se rapportant aux programmes en cours d’exécution. L’échantillonnage se fera selon la technique du LQAS (Lot Quality Assurance Sampling ou stratégie d’échantillonnage à faible coût). Il consiste à tirer dans chaque province d’intervention un échantillon de 19 unités d’observation avec probabilités proportionnelles à la taille démographique de chaque unité. Aux mois d’avril-mai 2007, une troisième enquête de type MAP permettant d’évaluer le système de distribution des produits PSI, a été organisée. Les résultats montrent une faible couverture moyenne de 8% en produit “Supanet”, 13% en produit “Orasel”, 10% en produit “Sûr’Eau” et 17% en préservatif de marque “Prudence”. Ceci est lié d’une part par une nouvelle stratégie de vente qui n’était pas encore adaptée au pays (la distribution des produits via les grossistes) ; et d’une autre part, PSI/Burundi a connu un moment de rupture de stock des produits.  Download PDF 273 KB
• Cambodia (2007): Family Planning TRaC-M Study Evaluating Quality of Care of among Social Franchising Providers in Kampong Thom and Kampot. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI/Cambodia’s Sun Quality Health is a social franchising network that aims to increase access to and availability of quality family health services for low income and vulnerable populations through providers who practice high standards of care. As of October 2006, there were 24 clinics in two provinces. Based on lot quality assurance sampling rationale, systematic random sampling was used to select 19 PSI service delivery points and 19 non-PSI service delivery points from the two provinces. Each facility was evaluated with a mystery client, retail audit and clinical attribute checklist and a provider survey. Providers under-performed in assuring confidentiality and privacy during consultations, taking medical history, conducting a medical exam, advising on side effects of oral contraceptives, and enquiring into the client’s desire for more children. PSI should strengthen and build the provider’s knowledge of family products and feasibility of birthspacing after childbirth must be reinforced in all clinics.
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• Cambodia (2007): In-Depth Interviews and Focus Group Discussions to Understand Barriers and Motivators to Family Planning
View abstract
Abstract: PSI/Cambodia’s Sun Quality Health is a social franchising network that aims to increase access to and availability of quality family health services for low income and vulnerable populations through providers who practice high standards of care. As of October 2006, there were 24 clinics in two provinces. A convenience sample was used for this study. Recruitment was conducted in rural and urban areas of Pursat province, Cambodia, using a snowball sampling method. Women between the ages of 15 and 49 were selected for inclusion into focus group discussions. The majority of respondents was able to identify modern methods of contraception and most dismissed traditional approaches as being outmoded and ineffective. Many of the women however did not have proper knowledge of how an IUD works or the implant. Husbands appear to be the single most import influencer on a woman’s decision to both seek birth spacing services and to start using/continue using modern birth spacing methods. The communication should target husbands to encourage their wives to seek birth spacing services from a trained health provider.
  Download PDF 99 KB
• Cambodia (2007): MAP Study Evaluating the Availability of Condoms and Lubricant in Urban and Rural Areas. Third Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI/Cambodia has been implementing a social marketing program since December 1993. The objectives of the 2007 study were to 1) determine the coverage and quality of coverage of PSI’s HIV and birth spacing products, 2) identify PSI’s HIV prevention and birth spacing product market penetration, and 3) estimate the level of access to HIV products among high risk populations. The MAP methodology employs the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling technique to draw a random sample of 19 enumeration areas in each of the supervision zones for this study. Number One Condom, Number One Plus Lubricant, and OK Condom are all widely available in urban areas, but coverage in rural areas remains low. In high risk areas, only brothels are considered to be adequately covered by Number One Condom, as opposed to guesthouses and military bases where none of the three products is commonly available. PSI should focus on making durable Number One / OK promotional items available in priority outlets.
  Download PDF 245 KB
• Cambodia (2007): MAP Study Evaluating the Availability of PSI Birth Spacing Products in Urban and Rural Areas. Third Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI/Cambodia has been implementing a social marketing program since December 1993. The MAP methodology employs the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling technique to draw a random sample of 19 enumeration areas in each of the supervision zones for this study. The oral contraceptive OK Pill was found in the majority of Phnom Penh and other urban areas and coverage for this product is relatively high in rural areas (60%). Coverage of OK Injection is lower everywhere, ranging from 25% (rural) to 55% (Phnom Penh). PSI should increase coverage of OK Pill and OK Injection in rural areas and maintain current levels in urban settings.
  Download PDF 190 KB
• Cambodia (2007): MAP Study Evaluating the Coverage and Quality of Coverage of Malaria Prevention and Treatment Products in Endemic Areas. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: In 2004, a pilot MAP study was conducted on the availability of malaria products in the private sector. MAP studies are a tool used for the monitoring of product availability and accessibility, using pre-defined criteria for coverage, quality of coverage and access. The main objectives of the 2007 Malaria MAP survey in Cambodia were to assess the geographical coverage and quality of coverage of PSI’s products. The MAP methodology employs the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling technique to draw a random sample of 19 enumeration areas in each of the supervision zones for this study. Malarine and Malacheck are both available in about half of all high risk communes, and in 35%-45% of low and medium risk areas. Malanet and Malatab are available in a much smaller proportion of communes (less than 20%-25% coverage), and there are no differences in coverage between the three supervision areas. The coverage of all products, but particularly of Malarine for Children, Malanet, and Malatab, should be further increased in all areas. The program should maintain a focus on the high- and medium risk areas of the country. One way of improving coverage everywhere is to target specific outlet types (drug stores, mobile providers, village shops), especially in rural areas that currently do not have any PSI malaria product providers.
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• Cambodia (2007): Reproductive Health TRaC: Baseline Study of Modern Contraceptive Use Among Women of Reproductive Age in Kampot and Kampong Thom, Cambodia. First round.
View abstract
Abstract: Since 2001, PSI/Cambodia has been implementing a social franchising service called Sun Quality Health Network, which aims to increase access and availability of quality family health services to low income and vulnerable populations through a franchise of private sector providers. This baseline RH-TRaC survey was conducted among a cross-sectional sample of 750 women in Kampot andKampong Thom provinces using a multi-stage cluster sampling design. Results show that 42.6% of respondents reported currently using a modern method. Only 24.4% of women reported that contraceptive methods are available in a variety of outlets in their community and women believe that birth spacing services are of good quality. PSI should increase availability of modern methods in terms of both variety of outlets and price and encourage women to discuss birth spacing methods with their husbands and healthcare providers.
  Download PDF 237 KB
• Caribbean (2007): Price as a Barrier to Condom Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Trinidad and Tobago and St. Vincent and the Grenadines
View abstract
Abstract: This report describes the results of an experiment aimed at determining whether and how a condom price reduction in Trinidad and Tobago and St. Vincent and the Grenadines would affect condom purchase and use and the overall condom market. The study finds that lower prices are causally related to purchase. However, the evidence is less conclusive that lower prices increase consistent use. The study shows that the introduction of a lower priced condom would likely lead to substantial switching of condom brands, resulting in up to 60 percent of current brand users switching to the lower price brand.
  Download PDF 1,591 KB
• Centroamérica (2007): Estudio MAP Evaluando la Cobertura, Calidad de Cobertura, Penetración y Calidad de Penetración de Condones y Lubricantes en Zonas Rojas y Acceso y Equidad de Acceso a Poblaciones Vulnerables de Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador,Guatemala, Nicaragua, y Panama. Primera Ronda.
 Download PDF 431 KB
• China (2007): Malaria TRaC Study Evaluating Mosquito Net Use among Rural Populations in Malaria Endemic Areas in Target Counties of Yuxi, Honghe and Xishuangbanna Prefectures, Yunnan Province. First Round.
View abstractAbstract: PSI/China conducted a household survey designed to investigate malaria-related knowledge and attitudes as well as behaviors related to insecticide-treated net (ITN) use among people aged 19-55 living in rural areas of three prefectures in Yunnan Province, China. The purpose of the survey was to identify factors associated with net use, determine levels of conventional net and ITN use, and apply study findings to malaria interventions designed to promote the use of long lasting ITNs. 949 respondents were interviewed in early 2007 using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach. Just over half of the respondents slept under a net the previous night, and those who were likely to have done so were more likely to agree that it is convenient to use a net and believe malaria is not a serious problem compared to those who did not sleep under a net the previous night. Fewer respondents consistently slept under a net in the past 6 months. Locus of control was related to both net use the previous night and consistent use. Those who used nets were less likely than those who did not to agree that they decide whether or not they sleep under a net. Households where everyone slept under a net were more likely to agree that pregnant women and children under five need to sleep under nets because they are most susceptible to malaria.  Download PDF 205 KB
• Democratic Republic of the Congo (2007): Enquête TRaC sur l’Utilisation de la Moustiquaire Imprégnée d’Insecticide par les Enfants de moins de 5 ans dans les Provinces du Kasaï Occidental, Nord Kivu et Sud Kivu. Premier Passage.
View abstract
Abstract: ASF/PSI a obtenu de DFID une subvention pour la prévention du paludisme chez les enfants demoins de cinq ans et les femmes enceintes à travers le marketing social des moustiquaires imprégnées d’insecticides. Ce financement concerne 7 des 11 provinces de la RDC et couvre unepériode de deux ans. Au total, 2112 ménages ont été sélectionnés couvrant un ensemble de 1238 enfants de moins de cinq ans. Les données ont été analysées suivant les indicateurs qui servent de base à la gestion du projet et qui ont été retenus dans son cadre logique. 32% des enfants de moins de 5 ans se trouvant dans les ménages enquêtés ont dormi sous une moustiquaire imprégnée d’insecticide la nuit précédant le jour de l’enquête. Environ 49% des femmes ayant en charge un enfant de moins de 5 ans connaît un point de vente de moustiquaires imprégnées. Les résultats ci-dessus montrent que la plupart des indicateurs du programme de marketing socialdes moustiquaires imprégnées d’insecticide restent encore assez bas. Afin d’améliorer le niveau d’utilisation actuelle des moustiquaires imprégnées par les enfants de moins de 5 ans, la campagne devra se focaliser sur l’amélioration de la disponibilité des moustiquaires imprégnées ainsi que la perception que le prix de la moustiquaire imprégnée est abordable.
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• Guinea (2006): VIH/SIDA Enquete TRaC sur Les Déterminants de L’Utilisation du Presérvatif par Les Forces Armées. Deuxiéme Passage.
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• Guinea (2007): Enquête TraC-M sur l’exposition aux activités de Communication Interpersonnelle concernant la Prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA en Moyenne Guinée. Premier Passage.
View abstract
Abstract: L’objectif principal de cette enquête était de mesurer les niveaux d’exposition des populations beneficiaries des projets financés par la KfW en Moyenne Guinée. Il ressort des résultats que, les populations bénéficiaires ont été nombreuses à participer aux activités de sensibilisation. En effet, sept femmes sur dix (69,9%) et environ trois quart des hommes (76,1%) ont participé aux activités. Quant aux thèmes abordés lors des sensibilisations, les résultats montrent que les femmes et les hommes ont été beaucoup plus exposés aux thèmes qui portent sur la transmission sexuelle du VIH sans protection et la transmission du virus à travers l’usage des objets souillés/tranchants.
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• Guinea (2007): Survie d’Enfant Enquête TRaC-M sur l’Exposition aux Activités de Communication de Masse Concernant la Prévention des Maladies Diarrhéiques. Premier Passage.
View abstract
Abstract: L’enquête de suivi des activités de masse media a été commanditée par PSI/Guinée et exécutéepar le bureau d’études CeRPoD en mai 2007. L’objectif principal de cette enquête était demesurer les niveaux d’exposition des femmes ayant en charge des enfants de moins de 5 ans et/oucelles étant enceintes aux spots. Ainsi, la méthode TRaC_M a touché 57 femmes ayant en charge des enfants de moins de 5 ans et/ou femmes enceintes. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les niveaux d’exposition des femmes en charge d’enfants de moins de cinq ans et/ou les celles enceintes aux spots portant sur la prévention des maladies diarrhéiques sont très élevés. L’analyse des informations sur les canaux de diffusion montre que la radio nationale sont la mieux indiquée pour faire passer les spots sur la prévention des maladies diarrhéiques à la urbane, tandis que la radio rurale est la mieux indiquée pour la préfecture de Labé.
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• Guinée(2007) : Enquête MAP Sur La Couverture, La Qualite de Couverture, L’Acces et L’Equite D’Access des Produits de Marketing Social dans les Quatre Régions Naturelles.
 Download PDF 229 KB
• Haiti (2007): Planification Familiale Enquête TRaC Examinant l’Utilisation des Méthodes Contraceptives Modernes parmi les Femmes en âge de Procréer de 15-49 ans. Premier Passage.
View abstract
Abstract:PSI/HAITI a établi plusieurs programmes dont ceux de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA et de la planification familiale qui vise l’augmentation de l’accès à l’utilisation des produits hormonaux. L’étude s’est déroulée sur le terrain au cours du mois de Mai 2007, auprès d’un échantillon représentatif national de 999 femmes de 15-49 ans. L’analyse statistique cherche à dégager les déterminants de l’histoire d’achat et d’utilisation des produits de planification familiale par les femmes de 15-49 ans. En matière de comportements, les résultats révèlent que la prévalence contraceptive est très faible en Haïti : près de la moitié des femmes enquêtées (50.9%) ont déjà utilisé une méthode moderne de PF dans leur vie, mais 22.4 % seulement d’entre elles en utilisent une au moment de l’enquête. Dans les zones urbaines les femmes de 15-49 ans qui ont dit être capables d’utiliser une quelconque méthode moderne de planification familiale ont trois fois plus de chance d’en utiliser actuellement que celles qui ne l’ont pas dit alors que celles qui ont une attitude positive vis-à-vis de la planification familiale ont deux fois plus de chance d’en utiliser une méthode contraceptive moderne au moment de l’Enquête que celles qui ne l’ont pas. Dans les zones rurales les femmes de 15-49 ans qui ont dit être capables d’utiliser une méthode moderne de planification familiale ont quatre fois plus de chance d’en utiliser actuellement que celles qui ne l’ont pas dit alors que celles qui pensent que l’utilisation d’une méthode de PF est associée à de faux problèmes ont 2 fois moins de chance de pratiquer la planification familiale que celles qui ne le pensent pas.
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• Honduras (2007): Estudio MAP Evaluando la Cobertura, Calidad de Cobertura, Penetración y Calidad de Penetración de Condones y Lubricantes en Zonas Rojas y Acceso y Equidad de Acceso a Poblaciones Vulnerables. Primera Ronda.
 Download PDF 405 KB
• Mali (2007): Enquête TRaC pour Évaluer les Déterminants de Mutilations Génitales Féminines à Bamako. Premier Passage.
View abstractAbstract: L’objet de cette étude est de faire une évaluation de base afin d’identifier les facteurs qui peuvent favoriser la mise en œuvre du programme de lutte contre les mutilations génitales féminines et les actions à entreprendre dans l’avenir pour décourager ceux qui ont l’intention d’exciser leur fille. Cette étude est basée sur des interviews individuelles réalisées auprès d’un échantillon de 1326 personnes. Ces personnes ont été identifiées dans les ménages ayant au moins une fille non excisée. Un sondage aléatoire stratifié à deux degré a été utilisé. Des analyses de régression logistique multivariées ont été réalisées en vue de déterminer les facteurs qui influencent l’intention de ne pas exciser sa fille sur le plan de la motivation, de l’opportunité et de la capacité. Les tests statistiques de khi-deux sont utilisés pour attester du niveau de signification statistique des résultats obtenus. Les résultats du tableau de segmentation suggèrent que les activités de communication en matière de lutte contre l’excision doivent se concentrer sur l’augmentation de l’efficacité personnelle, des normes sociales, la connaissances des effets néfastes de l’excision, de perception de la susceptibilité et de la perception de la sévérité pour faire changer d’avis les personnes qui ont l’intention d’exciser leur fille.  Download PDF 88 KB
• Mali (2007): Evaluation de la Campagne de Distribution des Moustiquaires Imprégnées dans les Régions de Tombouctou et Gao dans le Cadre de la Semaine d’Intensification des Activités de Nutrition (SIAN 2007)
View abstractAbstract: Dans le cadre d’une expérience pilote, PSI Mali en collaboration avec le ministère de la santé et sur financement de l’USAID a distribué gratuitement environ 196.000 moustiquaires imprégnées aux enfants âgés de 6 à 59 mois dans les régions de Tombouctou et Gao pendant la sémaine d’intensification des activités de nutrition. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer cette grande campagne de distribution des moustiquaires imprégnées d’insecticides dans les régions de Tombouctou et Gao. La méthodologie utilisée est le LQAS (Lot Quality Assurance Sampling ou échantillonnage d’assurance qualité par lot). Cette étude est basée sur des interviews individuelles réalisées auprès d’un échantillon de 722 ménages comprenant 4878 personnes dont 1924 enfants âgé de 6 à 59 mois. Cette étude a été conduite dans les régions de Tombouctou et Gao, elle a donc fait intervenir 19 zones de supervision, sélectionnées de façon aléatoire dans chaque région. Il apparaît que la campagne de distribution des moustiquaires imprégnées dans les régions de Tombouctou et Gao dans le cadre de la semaine d’intensification des activités de nutrition ont eu un impact positif sur l’utilisation des moustiquaires imprégnées dans le cadre de la prévention du paludisme dans ces deux régions. IL est souhaitable d’intensifier les activités de communication en faveur de l’utilisation des moustiquaires imprégnées pendant toute l’année pour garantir l’efficacité de cette protection.  Download PDF 86 KB
• Myanmar (2007): MAP Study Evaluating Coverage and Quality of Coverage of WaterGuard in Coastal Regions. First Round.
View abstractAbstract: PSI’s interventions in Myanmar focus on the prevention of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and diarrheal disease. In 2006, PSI received funds from UNICEF to make WaterGuard available in 32 priority townships within coastal areas of Myanmar. The objective of the PSI/Myanmar 2007 MAP survey was to monitor the coverage and quality of coverage of PSI’s social marketed product WaterGuard. The Project MAP methodology employs the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique to draw a random sample of 19 enumeration areas (EAs) from each supervision areas. Results show that in 95% of the project townships WaterGuard is available in at least 5 outlets. It indicates that at least 5 active outlets in every project township had WaterGuard by December 2007. Quality of coverage is low; the selling of WaterGuard at the recommended price or less (350 Kyats) stands only at 30% of the project townships. Similarly, only 30% of the project townships were selling WaterGuard within the expiry date. The visible display of the product itself is found in 20% of townships and the display of promotional materials including “WaterGuard sold here” is very low at less than 20% of the project townships.  Download PDF 83 KB
• Pakistan (2007): Family Planning TRaC Study Evaluating Contraceptive Use among Married Men and Women in Rural and Urban Pakistan. First Round.
View abstractAbstract: This study aims to identify behavioral determinants associated with the use of modern methods of family planning. It also seeks to formulate baseline findings to inform communication campaigns promoting family planning messages and monitor levels of behavioral practices. Greenstar/Pakistan has been socially marketing family planning, maternal, and child health products since 1986. The organization actively franchises providers that subsidize socially marketed family planning services and products. A baseline study in April 2007 targeted married women and men aged 15-49 who live in four Pakistani provinces. A multistage, stratified, systematic, disproportionate sampling methodology captured 4062 respondents for the first round. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors significantly associated with modern methods of family planning among men and women with met and unmet need. Availability of family planning methods, social norms related to use of family planning, and quality of care significantly determined whether someone used modern family planning methods or not. Men and women who used these methods were much more likely to know how to use an effective family planning method and believe they could do something to avoid getting pregnant too soon. Men who used family planning methods were more likely to believe that God did not determine the number of children they have compared to men who did not use these methods.  Download PDF 304 KB
• Romania (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating the Effect of a POL-type Program among Men who have Sex with Men in Bucharest. Third Round.
View abstract
Abstract: Since November 2005, PSI/Romania has been implementing a program which targets men who have sex with men in Bucharest, Romania. The purpose of the program is to increase safer sexual behavior among men who frequent gay clubs through interpersonal communication. The intervention leverages the dynamic of social diffusion by recruiting popular opinion leaders to advocate for sexually responsible behavior with their peers during everyday conversations. PSI/R targeted two clubs in Bucharest for the third survey round. The study employed a take-all approach without sampling. Exposure to the program was defined as exposure to conversations about safe sex and getting tested for STIs and HIV. Results show that the program interventions had the most impact after round one and then were maintained or slightly decreased. Many people consistently use condoms and have ever had an STI or HIV test. Further inquiry into what drives and sustains condom behavior is needed and future programs should target those with multiple partners.
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• Romania (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating the Effect of a POL-type Program among Young People Frequenting Dance Clubs in Bucharest. Second Round.
View abstract
Abstract: Starting in 2005, PSI Romania has been implementing a pilot youth program, funded by sales revenue and corporate sponsors, which targets 18-24 years old young people frequenting selected dance clubs in Bucharest. The intervention leverages the dynamic of social diffusion by recruiting opinion leaders to advocate for sexually responsible behavior with their peers during everyday conversations. The study employed a one-stage cluster survey design with the number of respondents per club selected proportional to size of the club. Results show consistent condom use and testing for STI remain fairly low among both males and females at follow-up. Furthermore, among males, an increase in risk profile was noted at follow-up (i.e., lower mean age at sexual debut, higher proportion with multiple partners). These findings suggest that interventions targeting this population continue to be needed. Study findings argue the need to continue targeting youth in order to increase consistent condom use and STI testing.
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• Somaliland (2007): Malaria TRaC Study Evaluating Ownership and Use of Mosquito Nets in Four Regions. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: In September 2007, PSI began distributing Badbaado insecticide-treated mosquito nets at a subsidized price through the private sector using the existing wholesaler-retailer supply chain. Communication campaigns have been developed to promote both the Badbaado brand and general awareness of malaria. PSI Somaliland uses mass media communication channels to educate communities about the importance of malaria prevention. A cross sectional household survey was conducted among households with children under five years and the general population aged 15-49. A multi-stage cluster sampling approach was used to sample 1570 households and individuals across four of the six Somaliland regions. Twenty-one percent of households reported owning at least one ITN. Only 13% of children under five and 11.9% of pregnant women were reported to have slept under an ITN the night before the survey. Slightly more than half the nets observed in the households were PermaNet brand. Perceived availability of mosquito nets is low. Respondents who reported that net use is a social norm, had high self efficacy and held positive outcome expectations were more likely to report that children under five in the household slept under a mosquito net the night before the survey. Interventions should seek to improve perceived social norms for net use, outcome expectations from using nets and self efficacy to use nets. Improved motivation to purchase and use nets must also be supported by efforts to improve availability of ITNs.
  Download PDF 131 KB
• South Africa (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Consistent Condom Use among Males and Females (15-35 years) in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg. First Round.
View abstractAbstract: Society for Family Health (SFH) in South Africa concentrates on issues of HIV/AIDS and controlling the spread of the disease within South Africa. In late 2006/early 2007, SFH conducted a household survey designed to investigate consistent condom use, fidelity, abstinence, and voluntary counseling and testing for youth aged 15-35 living in three cities. EAs were first selected to be sampled, and then households within each EA were randomly sampled. The total sample size was 2685. Results show that a large number of men and women aged 15-35 used a condom at last sex with a non-married/non-cohabiting partner. However, only 61% reported consistent condom use with the same types of partners in the last six months. Meanwhile, very few respondents outlined all steps in correct condom use. We find that at least 40% of the respondents who have used a condom check the expiry date before they use a condom. While the three condom brands marketed by SFH were well-known, messages about correct condom use need to be emphasized.  Download PDF 99 KB
• South Africa (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Use of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services among Men and Women (15-35 years) in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg. First Round.
View abstractAbstract: Society for Family Health (SFH) in South Africa concentrates on issues of HIV/AIDS and controlling the spread of the disease within South Africa. In late 2006/early 2007, SFH conducted a household survey designed to investigate consistent condom use, fidelity, abstinence, and voluntary counseling and testing for youth aged 15-35 living in three cities. EAs were first selected to be sampled, and then households within each EA were randomly sampled. The total sample size was 2685. Results show that a large number of men and women (83.2%) know where they can go for an HIV test. However, only 42.6% have been tested, and only half of those who have not been tested intend to get a test in the next 12 months. New Start testing center, which is associated with SFH, has yet to establish itself since only 2.4% of the respondents were familiar with the place. While knowledge about where to get tested is high, New Start should focus on exposing itself as a testing center and also promote messages about the importance of getting an HIV test.  Download PDF 86 KB
• Tanzania (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use with Non-Marital Sexual Partners among Youth. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract:PSI-Tanzania is working to prevent HIV disease through the social marketing of Salama, Salama Studs, Salama 3Bomba and familia condoms. This serves as the baseline survey and it tracks several indicators related to the health of 15-24 year-olds with respect to HIV. The sample size for the survey was 2,056 males & females aged 15-24. A nationally representative sample was attained distributed across regions through a multistage cluster random sampling. Mean age at first sex is 16 years for both males and females. Seventy three percent of single/unmarried males and 72% of females aged 15-24 have ever had sex. Among males and females who have ever had sex, 39% and 22% respectively had two or more partners in the past 12 months. Fifty one percent of males and 43% of females reported having used a condom at last sex with a non-spousal/non-cohabiting partner. Sixty nine percent of condoms last bought were reportedly a Salama brand. In order to successfully promote partner reduction, PSI should target the less educated, and work on improving self-efficacy for being faithful (giving people confidence in their ability to remain faithful with one partner, sustain long-term relationships, and resist sex with others).
  Download PDF 105 KB
• Tanzania (2007): MAP Study Evaluating Coverage, and Quality of Coverage of PSI’s Socially Marketed Products, and Access to Condoms. Second Round.
View abstractAbstract: PSI/Tanzania is engaged in the social marketing of health products that treat malaria, HIV/AIDS, and diarrheal disease. The products are distributed via a variety of outlets, primarily using a commercial distribution network. This measuring access and performance report employs lot quality assurance sampling techniques to draw a random sample of 19 enumeration areas served by distributers in rural areas. The samples were drawn from Tanzania’s 2002 national census and include five supervision zones. This second round compares distribution performances in different locations between the baseline and follow-up study. Results show that liquid WaterGuard was the least available product but the national coverage for condom products increased. Minimum quality standards were usually met where the products were available, though promotional material was found rarely across zones. Stock outs are a common problem. The level of market penetration in rural areas varies widely.  Download PDF 724 KB
• Tanzania (2007): Maternal & Child Health TRaC Study among Women with Children under 5 (years of age) in Dar el Salaam. First Round.
 Download PDF 120 KB
• Togo (2007): Evaluation de la Qualité des Services dans les Centres de Conseils Dépistage Volontaire et Anonyme. Deuxième Passage.
View abstractAbstract: La présente étude d’évaluation de la qualité des services dans les centres de conseils et dépistage volontaire et anonyme (CDVA) s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet du Fonds Mondial pour le sida, la Tuberculose et le Paludisme exécuté par PSI/Togo. Elle a utilisé l’approche de clients mystérieux. Deux types de centre ont été visités par les clients mystérieux. Il s’agit des centres soutenus PSI/Togo regroupant onze centres d’une part, et de cinq centres de PNLS d’autre part. Au total 95 agents enquêteurs (clients mystérieux) ont effectué dans l’ensemble 256 visites dans tous les centres, dont 209 clients mystérieux pour les centres de PSI/Togo et 47 pour le PNLS. L’analyse des données collectées révèle quatre aspects essentiels : premièrement, l'accueil et la réception a été plus ou moins apprécie par les clients qui ont visités ces différents centres. Près de 9 personnes sur 10 ont été accueillies par un réceptionniste dans les centres de PSI/Togo et 7 personnes sur 10 dans les centres PNLS. Deuxièmement, les questions essentielles et fondamentales des CDVA ont été évoquées à savoir, la confidentialité, l’anonymat et le côté volontaire du test de dépistage. L’analyse des résultats montre qu’environ 7 clients sur 10 ont été informés sur le caractère anonyme et confidentiel du test dans les centres de PSI/Togo. Troisièmement, en ce qui concerne le prélèvement du sang l'étude montre que dans la plupart des cas visités, les laborantins ont désinfecté la zone de prélèvement avant la prise du sang.  Download PDF 378 KB
• Uganda (2007): Child Survival TRaC Study Evaluating the Use of WaterGuard among Internally Displaced Persons in Pader District. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI is implementing an HIV/AIDS prevention and safe water and hygiene program in 20 IDP camps in Pader district, Northern Uganda. In December 2006, PSI Uganda conducted a household survey designed to track program progress and guide the design of behavior change communications among internally displaced persons in Pader District. A cross sectional household survey was conducted among persons aged 15-49 in the 20 target IDP camps. Households and respondents were randomly sampled using the multi- stage cluster sampling approach. A total of 1,508 female respondents in households with children under five were sampled from 103 enumeration areas out of 254. Multivariate analyses were done to identify factors significantly associated with use of WaterGuard, Respondents who perceived that WaterGuard is readily available believe that use of WaterGuard is common in their community (social norms), and know causes of diarrhea and how it can be prevented were more likely to report that they always use WaterGuard. Interventions should seek to improve availability of WaterGuard. Knowledge of causes of diarrhea and knowledge of how it can be prevented are determinants of behavior.
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• Uganda (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Abstinence among Young Internally Displaced Persons (15-19 years) in Pader District. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI implemented a behavior change communication program and distributed condoms and services to IDPs in 20 camps in Pader district, Northern Uganda. In December 2006, PSI Uganda conducted a household survey designed to track program progress and guide the design of behavior change communications among internally displaced persons in Pader District. A cross sectional household survey was conducted among young people aged 15-19. Households and respondents were randomly sampled using a multi- stage cluster sampling approach. A total of 976 young people aged 15-19 years were sampled from 103 enumeration areas out of 254 blocks. Results show 73% had never had sex. Almost one-third of those who have ever had sex reported that they had not had sex in the last 12 months. Results show that IDP youths who reported that they have never had sex are characterized by higher social support, higher self efficacy, and a more positive attitude towards abstinence. Interventions should aim to promote secondary abstinence. Interventions should improve the perceived social support for abstinence.
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• Uganda (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use in Higher Risk Sex among Internally Displaced Persons in Pader District. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI is implementing an HIV/AIDS prevention and safe water and hygiene program in 20 IDP camps in Pader district, Northern Uganda. Program activities are focused on HIV/AIDS. In December 2006, PSI Uganda conducted a household survey designed to track program progress and guide the design of behavior change communications among internally displaced persons in Pader District (IDPs). A cross sectional household survey was conducted among persons aged 15-49 in the 20 target IDP camps. Households and respondents were randomly sampled using themulti-stage cluster sampling approach. A total of 2536 respondents were sampled from 103 blocks out of 254. Slightly more than one third (36.4%) of respondents said they had sex with a non– marital partner (high risk sex) in the past 12 months. Among the population who had higher risk sex , 44.6% reported that they always use condoms with a non – marital partner. Interventions should seek to improve availability of condoms, social support for condom use, knowledge of HIV, and outcome expectations for condoms. Interventions should be specifically targeted towards females and persons with low levels of education since they are less likely to use condoms in high risk sex.
  Download PDF 85 KB
• Uganda (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use in Higher Risk Sex among Young Internally Displaced Persons (15-24 years) in Pader District. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI is implementing an HIV/AIDS prevention and safe water and hygiene program in 20 IDP camps in Pader district, Northern Uganda. Program activities are focused on HIV/AIDS. In December 2006, PSI Uganda conducted a household survey designed to track program progress and guide the design of behavior change communications among internally displaced persons in Pader District (IDPs). A cross sectional household survey was conducted among persons aged 15-49 in the 20 target IDP camps. Households and respondents were randomly sampled using themulti-stage cluster sampling approach. A total of 2536 respondents were sampled from 103 blocks out of 254. Out of 1,666 young people sampled, 24% reported involvement in high risk sex in the past 12 months. Results show that IDP youth who reported consistent condom use in high risk sex are characterized by higher social support, self efficacy, and social norms. Interventions should seek to improve social support for condom use, improve negotiation skills for condom use and encourage the practice of open discussions about HIV since they are significant determinants of condom use.
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• Uganda (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Faithfulness among Married Internally Displaced Persons in Pader District. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI is implementing an HIV/AIDS prevention and safe water and hygiene program in 20 IDP camps in Pader district, Northern Uganda. Program activities are focused on HIV/AIDS. In December 2006, PSI Uganda conducted a household survey designed to track program progress and guide the design of behavior change communications among internally displaced persons in Pader District (IDPs). A cross sectional household survey was conducted among persons aged 15-49 in the 20 target IDP camps. Households and respondents were randomly sampled using themulti-stage cluster sampling approach. A total of 2536 respondents were sampled from 103 blocks out of 254. The results show that more than two thirds reported that they had not had sex with a non marital partner in 12 months preceding the study. Older respondents were less likely to report faithfulness than their younger counterparts while males were less likely to report faithfulness than the females. The intervention should seek to address older couples (31-49) since they were more likely to report having sexual relations with non marital partners. The intervention should also develop a strategy specifically designed for targeting men. The intervention should showcase the positive outcomes of faithfulness.
  Download PDF 78 KB
• Uganda (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Prevalence and Determinants of Cross Generational Sex among Unmarried Females (19-24 years) in Selected Universities. First Round.
View abstractAbstract: PSI/Uganda conducted a baseline survey designed to provide evidence for decision-making among unmarried female students aged 19-24 at selected universities. The purpose was to measure levels of engagement in cross-generational sex and identify the drivers of such relationships. A sample of 785 women was drawn from using probability proportional to size sampling. In residences, rooms were randomly selected using systematic intervals and in each room one female was selected by lottery. Results show that 11% of the women reported engaging in sex with a man 10 years or older than her in the past 12 months. Women who drink alcohol and have approval from their friends of such relationships are more likely to be in cross-generation relationships. Women who believe they control their HIV risk, trust older men, and believe such relationships have material benefits are also more likely to be in one. Younger students were also more likely to be in cross-generation relationships compared to older students.  Download PDF 97 KB
• Uganda (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Use of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services among Internally Displaced Persons in Pader District. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI is implementing an HIV/AIDS prevention and safe water and hygiene program in 20 IDP camps in Pader district, Northern Uganda. Program activities are focused on HIV/AIDS. In December 2006, PSI Uganda conducted a household survey designed to track program progress and guide the design of behavior change communications among internally displaced persons in Pader District (IDPs). A cross sectional household survey was conducted among persons aged 15-49 in the 20 target IDP camps. Households and respondents were randomly sampled using themulti-stage cluster sampling approach. A total of 2536 respondents were sampled from 103 blocks out of 254. The results show that out of the 2536 respondents sampled, more thantwo-thirds reported that they took an HIV test within the 6 months preceding the survey. Respondents with higher knowledge on the importance of HCT and on ways to prevent HIV were more likely to report that they took an HIV test. Respondents who perceived higher social support and those who perceived availability of HCT services were also more likely to report taking an HIV test. Younger respondents were more likely to report taking an HIV test than the older respondents. Interventions should aim to improve the risk group’s knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention.
  Download PDF 79 KB
• Uzbekistan (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Sexual Behavior and Injecting Drug Use among Opiate Drug-Using Sex Workers in Tashkent. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract: PSI/Central Asia is implementing a Drug Demand Reduction Program . The intervention has beenoperating as part of DDRP in Central Asia since March 2006 targeting sex workers and opiatedrug-using sex workers. Respondent-Driven Sampling was used to collect data among 196 respondents aged 15 to 45 who live or work in Tashkent City, Uzbekistan. Segmentation analysis showed that DU-SWs who reported they never shared injecting equipment were more likely to state that they are well enough informed about drugs to avoid contracting HIV than needle sharers. A high percentage of DU-SWs reported using condoms at last sex with commercial partners (92.2%), but a much lower percentage reported consistent condom use with commercial partners (59.9%). Although over two-thirds of DU-SWs experienced at least 1 STI symptom in the past six months, only 15.5% of respondents reported being treated by a qualified health worker in that time. Programs should address condom use with regular and attractive (trusted and healthy looking) partners, and build awareness of legal STI services to increase condom use among drug-using sex workers. Addressing risk related to injecting behavior should be a major objective of prevention programs working with sex workers should specifically be targeted.
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• Vietnam (2007): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Sexual Risk Behaviors among Male Clients of Sex Workers and Potential Clients of Sex Workers in Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City and Can Tho. First Round.
View abstractAbstract: This survey among male clients of sex workers and potential male clients of sex workers aimed to identify and describe segments of the population in terms of ever having sex with sex workers and having sex with sex workers four or more times in the last six months. The intent is to apply study findings to design interventions aimed at reducing the risk of HIV transmission among male clients of sex workers. The monitoring and segmentation analysis is based on data collected in four Vietnamese provinces in 2007. 1003 male respondents aged 18-40 were sampled using multi-staged cluster sampling. Findings show that 15% of men had at least one sex worker partner in the last six months. Of these, half had sex with sex workers four or more times. One-third of youth aged 18-24 had ever been with a sex worker. Half of the men knew where to get tested for HIV although only half had ever done so. Men who have never been with a sex worker tended to more strongly believe that it is not normal for a man to visit sex workers. They were less willing to initiate a discussion about sexual issues with their wives or girlfriends though, or discuss HIV/AIDS with friends. Men who had sex more than four times with sex workers in the past six months were more likely to believe that their friends would accept them into their group regardless of whether they visited a sex worker or not.  Download PDF 328 KB
• Zambia (2007): Preliminary Findings on Target Group Profiles and Perceptions about the Brand, Product and Place regarding the Provision of Male Circumcision Services to Men (15-30 years)
 Download PDF 101 KB
2006
• Bénin (2006): Paludisme Enquête TRaC Pour Évaluer l'Utilisation de la Moustiquaire Imprégnée d’Insecticide chez les Femmes Enceintes ou Ayant à Charge un Enfant Âgé de Moins de 5 Ans au Donga. Deuxième Passage.
 Download PDF 339 KB
• Burkina Faso (2006): VIH/SIDA Enquête TRaC sur l’Utilisation Consistante du Préservatif chez les Routiers et les Orpailleurs. Troisième Passage.
View abstract
Abstract:La présente étude a pour objectif de suivre l’évolution des indicateurs de comportement chez les routiers et les orpailleurs au Burkina Faso. Elle est une suite de deux précedentes études menées en 2004 et 2005. Les données collectées sont relatives aux comportements sexuels d’une part et aux déterminants des comportements sexuels tels que définis dans le cadre conceptuel du changement de comportement proposé par PSI d’autre part. L’utilisation consistante du préservatif lors de rapports sexuels non conjugaux s’est améliorée chez les deux groupes cibles de 2004 à 2006. La discussion du VIH SIDA avec le partenaire s’est tout aussi améliorée significativement durant la même période aussi bien chez les orpailleurs que chez les routiers. Les données suggèrent que les activités de PROMACO ont eu un impact sur ce résultat. Le tableau de segmentation ne revèle pas de déterminants sur lesquesl devraient se focaliser les activités.
  Download PDF 56 KB
• Cambodia (2006): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use among Karaoke Women with Sweethearts in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap. Second Round.
View abstractAbstract: In 2005, PSI/Cambodia launched a media campaign called Klahan to increase condom use in sweetheart and spousal relationships. The campaign was aimed at people in trusting relationships with the objective to promote condom use in these relationships. Two surveys have since been conducted among Karaoke women with sweethearts to identify determinants of condom use at last sex and consistent condom use with sweethearts, as well as monitor behavior changes and evaluate the impact of the Klahan campaign with this target group. The respondents are Karaoke women with sweethearts between the ages of 18-30. Data were collected from women working in Karaoke establishments in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap using a self-weighted two-stage cluster sample design. Results show that consistent condom use with paying partners rose from 82% in 2005 to 91% in 2006. Yet the proportion of Karaoke women who reported using a condom at last sex decreased from 61% to 52%. Condom users were more likely to believe that condoms are appropriate and necessary to use with a sweetheart, and intend to use a condom during their next sexual act compared to those who do not use condoms. Evaluation results indicate that high exposure to the campaign may have contributed to increased consistent condom use, but other circumstances could have also lead to the observed changes in condom use.  Download PDF 276 KB
• Cambodia (2006): HIV/AIDS TRaC Study Evaluating Condom Use among Sexually Active Men with Sweethearts in Phnom Penh. Second Round.
View abstract
Abstract:According to the HIV Sentinel Survey (HSS) in 2003, Cambodia was successful in reducing HIV prevalence from 3.0% in 1997 to 1.9% in 2003 among the general adult population. Despite these declines, new risk groups like high-risk persons’ spousal and sweetheart partners bear an increasing burden of HIV infection. The 2003 HSS indicated that the majority of new HIV infections among women result from transmission between husband and wife. Also, the 2005 CDHS found that men in the highest socio-economic quintile are at greatest risk of HIV2 – many of whom are clients of brothel-based sex workers or women who work in entertainment establishments. In 2005, PSI/Cambodia launched a media campaign called Klahan, designed to promote condom use in sweetheart and spousal relationships. This report uses data from the 2005 and 2006 surveys of sexually active men with sweethearts in Phnom Penh. Among respondents who reported being sexually active with their sweethearts in the last 3 months, approximately half reported consistently using condoms with their sweethearts in the last three months, which represents a significant increase from 2005. Consistent condom use with commercial partners and spouses also increased over time, from 83.21% to 93.64% with commercial partners and from 1.32% to 14.16% with spouses.
  Download PDF 274 KB
• Cambodia (2006): Malaria TRaC Study Evaluating ITN Use among Populations Living in Malaria Endemic Areas. First Round.
View abstract
Abstract:PSI/Cambodia conducted a household survey designed to investigate behaviors related to insecticide treated net use among residents of malaria endemic areas in Cambodia. This survey among the general population, aged 19-55, living in malari